Where is hexokinase III found?

HKIII expression is relatively low in most tissue, with the highest levels reported in lung, kidney, and liver [7], [8], [9]. HKIV has a low affinity for glucose, is not inhibited by G6P, and is expressed mainly in pancreatic B cells and the liver, where it is believed to function as a ‘glucose sensor’ [8].

What is hexokinase gene?

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes a ubiquitous form of hexokinase which localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency.

What is glucokinase and hexokinase?

Glucokinase and Hexokinase are enzymes which phosphorylate glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, trapping glucose inside the cell. Glucokinase is present in hepatocytes of the liver and beta cells of pancreas, tissues that needs to quickly respond to changes in glucose levels. Hexokinase is found in most tissues.

Is hexokinase reversible?

Reaction 1: Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6 phosphate. This reaction requires energy and so it is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. Enzyme: hexokinase. This is a reversible reaction.

How many hexokinase do humans have?

Types of mammalian hexokinase There are four important mammalian hexokinase isozymes (EC 2.7. 1.1) that vary in subcellular locations and kinetics with respect to different substrates and conditions, and physiological function. They are designated hexokinases I, II, III, and IV or hexokinases A, B, C, and D.

Is hexokinase activated by insulin?

Insulin has several effects in liver which stimulate glycogen synthesis. First, it activates the enzyme hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose, trapping it within the cell.

How is hexokinase controlled?

Hexokinase, the enzyme catalyzing the first step of glycolysis, is inhibited by its product, glucose 6-phosphate. However, the liver, in keeping with its role as monitor of blood-glucose levels, possesses a specialized isozyme of hexokinase called glucokinase that is not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate.

What hormone is responsible for Glycogenolysis?

Glucagon
Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis in liver cells, its primary target with respect to raising circulating glucose levels.